What Types Of Design Features Improve Readability Of...

What types of design features improve the readability of documents? First, I will address this from the perspective of a math teacher. For students who struggle with math, simply increasing the font size, leaving more white space around each problem, and placing fewer problems on the page make the problems seem easier to solve. Using a less formal font family, such as Comic Sans MS, or a font that appears shorter and wider rather than thin and stretched vertically, also has a positive effect. While Comic Sans MS is not recommended for many professional business documents, it is preferable in this context. As evidence, consider the following homework samples. Which appears, at first glance, the least difficult to solve? Which appears the most challenging? Does one seem more like an unusual, foreign concept? Which one seems the most impersonal? In your opinion, which one seems like it is written by the most caring teacher? Does one sample seem designed for a younger, less exper ienced audience? Keep in mind, all four samples start with identical equations! Clearly, the visual aspects of the problems can influence how the reader feels about attempting the assignment. I assure you, if I use the last sample, students are much more likely to feel confident they know how to get started solving the equations! Second, I will discuss positive features of my church’s Sunday bulletin. The bulletins are sheets of paper with a simple, low-resolution color photo on one side,Show MoreRelatedA Report On The Communication Phase Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesonto implementing the system and be guaranteed that our implementation would meet the requirements as long as we followed our design documents and the requirements stayed consistent with our original brief. As we had determined at the early stages of the project, it was unlikely that the requirements would be volatile. 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Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK Free Essays

string(95) " shown in various indicators with the shift to more service-oriented sector taking prominence\." The market in which organisations find themselves is continually changing. On the other hand, trade and investments are growing rapidly and overtaking the world output and there is increasing integration of the world economy. Multilateralism is constantly threatening and regionalism is stronger in Europe, Asia and America than ever before. We will write a custom essay sample on Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now This continuous structural change in world economies indicates the variations in the relative size of each sector which can be seen in terms of changes in output, employment and productivity. ECONOMY STRUCTURES Economies can be divided into three categories: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. The primary economy includes all activities related to the extraction of natural resources e. g. mining, farming etc. The secondary economy includes activities related to the production of goods and processing of materials which have manufacturing as its major component. It also includes the construction sector and utilities sector. The tertiary sector includes both the private and public services such financial industry, health, defence and other services related sectors. http://tutor2u. net/business/gcse/external_environment_economic_sectors. tm accessed on 31st November 2009. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN Industry is defined as a group of firms producing similar products with boundary of an industry determined by a gap in the chain of substitutes. All sectors of the economy can be referred to as an industry but emphasis lay with the secondary sector which is widely regarded as the manufacturing se ctor. Roger Cox (2009) Concerns have been raised over the competitiveness and continued decline of Britain’s manufacturing base. This de-industrialisation has continually raised questions whether it can seriously damage the country’s wealth. The concerns about manufacturing have been reflected in trends in various statistical indicators especially the shift away from manufacturing towards services, the productivity gap between Britain and its major international competitors. Malcolm Sawyer (2009) clearly stated that the value of manufacturing output in Britain has continued to rise slowly in the last half century, but the share of manufacturing in the total output is what has declined not the absolute amount. DE-INDUSTRIALISATION IN BRITAIN The trade balance in manufactured goods moved into deficit in 1983 for the first time since the Industrial revolution of the early 90’s. This could be attributed to the gradual movement of the economy from manufacturing to more service-oriented economies. This experience is not unique to Britain alone, over the period 1970 to 1990, the share of manufacturing in the national output declined in all major industrial nations while that of services increased. By 1990, the share of manufacturing in the GDP among major economies had declined with Britain coming sixth behind Japan, Germany, USA, and France. Mark C. Corri F. (1998) De-industrialisation can be viewed in a number of ways: ?The decline in employment, in both absolute and relative terms. The decline in the share of national output contributed by the sector. ?The decline in the country’s share of world manufacturing output or exports. ? The failure due to poor export performance or increased import penetration to generate sufficient export to finance a full employment level of imports. Office for National Statistics ONS figures for the last quarter of 2008 shows a decline of 10. 4% lower than the figures from the previous year with output decreasing in 12 out of 13 sub-sectors. Significant decreases were recorded in the metal industries, transport industries and in machinery and equipments industries 11. 4%, 10. % and 9. 8% respectively. http://www. fundstrategy. co. uk/news/british-manufacturing-slumps/182454. article accessed 25th of November 2009. In Britain, the fall in the demand for labour is associated with a reduction in output until 1987 and probably a rise in the wage level relative to the price of other factors. The decline in manufacturing employment means that its share of total employment has also declined over that period of time with employment in the service industry sector growing at a faster rate. A growth rate of over 7% was recorded in the 1980’s in the service sector with manufacturing falling by over 20%. Shares of world trade in manufactures and deindustrialisation. (%) 195019601970197919901991 France9. 99. 68. 710. 59. 710 Germany7. 319. 319. 820. 920. 220 Japan3. 46. 911. 713. 715. 917 UK25. 516. 510. 89. 18. 69 USA27. 321. 618. 616. 016. 018 Office for National Statistics (1991), Monthly review of External Trade statistics. London Manufacturing’s problems began with the misguided notion that Britain should become a â€Å"post-industrial† economy: that we would focus on services and the creation of ideas, with other nations taking on the less attractive task of making the finished product. The results speak for themselves. Manufacturing now generates just 13% of GDP, compared with 32% in 1970. John Rose, http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3hid=11sid=81119b4e-a750-4e4f-8fdc-3d2366c3f5e4@sessionmgr12bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=35824528 accessed on 22 November 2009. In the period 1980 to 2000, the manufacturing base in Britain was on a steady decline. Government argued that the reducing contribution made by the manufacturing towards GDP will be made up for by the service industry but further researches shows that the assumption was misjudged. Figures show deficits on goods moving from +? 1. 3 billion to -? 30. 4 billion creating a ? 31. 7 billion deficit not covered by the service industry. This Industrial decline was accelerated by increased competition from cheaper imports and the outsourcing to low cost economies which saw a free fall in different high profile companies closing down, downsizing or relocating to low cost economies. http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=3hid=11sid=81119b4e-a750-4e4f-8fdc-3d2366c3f5e4@sessionmgr12bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=35457939 accessed on 26th November 2009. John S Mark S (2004) clearly states that the deindustrialisation in Britain has not being affecting the whole of the manufacturing sector, certain sectors mainly instruments and electrical engineering industries has witnessed a tremendous rise in production and they are among the fastest growing in the economy but industries like the metal industries have witnessed a substantial decline in their productivity. EMPLOYMENT FIGURES WITHIN THE INDUSTRIES This sector underwent a significant growth in the early 80’s in the EU during the post industrial phase of economic development. The doubts about manufacturing sector have been shown in various indicators with the shift to more service-oriented sector taking prominence. You read "Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK" in category "Papers" It has been argued that the decline in Britain’s manufacturing sector should not be a cause for concern but rather the offset of expansion of other sectors of the economy especially the Service industry. The service sector witnessed a rapid increase in employment with the financial sector gaining rapidly on the manufacturing sector. In 1971, the workforce in the manufacturing industry has shrunk by around 4 million with the service industry recording a growth of around 3. million. By 1994, while about 46 million people where employed in the manufacturing sector, about 55 million and 28 million people where employed in the private and public services sector respectively representing about 64% of the total employment figure within the EU. Andrew Taylor of financial times reported that over a century beginning from the first production in 1907 to 2007, the manufacturing sector employment figures has fallen from 7 million to 3 million while women not account to 23% compared to the 25% at the onset. The mining sector used to account for about three-quarters of the employment with figures about 837,000 but now employs around 10,000 accounting for just around 1% of the employment figures. The aerospace industry, a section of the service industry which was non-existent at the beginning of the century now employs about 100,000. Mark C. Corri F. (1998) http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5hid=9sid=537cf987-eae7-4a54-a771-43527c9111f7@sessionmgr10 accessed 1st December 2009. SERVICE SECTOR GROWTH IN BRITAIN In the post industrialisation era in EU, economies including the UK witness a boom in the service sector with significant growth in the financial services sector and the aerospace industries. Between 1979 and 1993, there was a rise from 7 to 13 percentages in service sector employment rate. In more recent surveys, the services industry across banking to airliners has shown growth rates in February that represent a five month high, as companies have raised their prices. This is a positive sign that suggests that the predicted slowdown as espoused by the Bank of England has yet to materialize. The Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply revealed that index prices are up by 1. 5 percent since September 2007 whilst the report also indicated that the economy has maintained its current momentum. http://www. investmentmarkets. co. uk/20080305-1705. html accessed on 23rd of November, 2009. The measurement of service industry depends on the way it is defined, either value or volume wise. Outsourcing has been a major component in promoting service sector. Manufacturing companies outsources most of its functions like finances, design and other little services to focus on its core competencies and all this in turn increases activities within the service industry and the employment figures reducing its manufacturing counterpart in correspondence. The rise of services is due also to changing economies within the EU, limited competitiveness of traditional industrial production. Financial Times. (2009) AEROSPACE INDUSTRY IN BRITAIN The UK aerospace industry (UKAI) remains one of the most successful sectors of UK manufacturing. In 2003, the UKAI accounted for 0. 6 percent of UK gross value added (GVA) and four percent of value added by the UK’s manufacturing industry as a whole. The UKAI is also one of the UK’s major export sectors, generating a trade surplus of just over ? 2. 5 billion in 2003, compared with manufacturing overall, which had a trade deficit. The UKAI provides direct and indirect employment in the UK for around 255,000 people. Although productivity levels in the UKAI are generally higher than the UK average, they Remain disappointing when compared to the industry’s main international competitors. However, there are signs that UKAI productivity growth is beginning to outpace these competitors. There are also evidences to suggest that there will be a further challenge for The UKAI as competition from emerging economies is growing. The growth of the United Kingdom aerospace industry illustrates the changing trends in globalisation, industrialisation and service delivery. From a virtually non-existent sector around a century ago, the UKAI has grown so much in the last twenty years and captured about 10% of the world market in aerospace and accounted for just over 4% of UK anufactured output and directly contributed just over ? 5. 5 billion to UK gross value added (GVA)1 in 2002. In 2003, the UKAI directly employed just fewer than 122,000 people, 0. 4% of total UK employment and 3% of total manufacturing employment. An additional 150,000 people have been estimated to be indirectly employed by the industry. UKAI productivity was ? 54,000 per head in 2001, 50% higher than the UK average and 35 percent higher than for manufacturing as a whole. http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmtrdind/151/151. df accessed 27th November 2009. ANALYSIS OF THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS A steady growth rate has been recorded in the service industry while the contribution to the overall GDP from the manufacturing industry has witnessed a steady decline in the last few decades. This has been well documented from various researches carried out but a serious questions still arises from the performance of the service sector and its long term sustainability and effect on the economy. David Liston asked â€Å"what will the services industry be servicing if there is no hardware? The first priority should be to stop treating manufacturing as a relic of the industrial revolution. High-value-added manufacturing brings huge benefits. It penetrates the economy of the entire country, not just London and the south-east. It pays well but avoids bewildering distortions of income. It drives and enables a broad range of skills and stimulates the growth of services. In short, it creates wealth. Curmen P et. al (1997) The UK manufacturing sector continues to decline and the subsequent loss of exports has not been replaced by revenue from the service sector as the government had originally thought. At the same time, the ownership of UK companies by foreigners is increasing and UK companies are continuing to relocate some of their labour intensive operations to low cost economies. The cost of compensating employees who are made redundant when a company in the UK closes is one of the lowest in the European Union. So for multi-national companies with surplus capacity, the UK factories may be selected for closure. There is also a tendency for companies to consolidate research and development in their home country with the consequence that it is lost from the UK. This decline in manufacturing was triggered by some factors: ?Changes in manufacturing and materials technology and consumption patterns which affected a lot of steel, coal ship-building and power generation industries. ?Obsolete and redundant plants and inadequate investment and financial assistance to replace them. ?Diverse and intense competition from low wage nations and newly industrialised economies. ?Resistance to change at all levels of production from management to trade unions. Adverse effect of Government policies both fiscal and monetary on industries. Particularly in high interest rates and fluctuating exchange rates. With David Liston’s question in mind and the fact that service industry has not been able to replace manufacturing industries effectively producing a cushioning effect for the drop in its GDP contribution slump which is evident by the facts below: ? The interdependence on manufacturing industry as shown in the case of the aerospace, further reduction in manufacturing output will adversely affect services output also. Technical progress in manufacturing offers greater prospects of high-wage jobs able to raise standards compared to part-time low wage in the services industry. ?For each 1% decline in export of Britain’s manufacture, an excess of 2. 5% rise in export in required in services to complement the effect. Some policies which cut across all concerned parties from Government to private market solutions have been formulated to help halt the decline in manufacturing. Some of which include: ? Britain’s macroeconomic and industrial policy Improved management in the industrial sector ?A reform of Britain’s institutions ?Greater accumulation of both human and physical capital ?Improved innovation to accommodate mechanisation http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? vid=5hid=9sid=537cf987-eae7-4a54-a771-43527c911 1f7@sessionmgr10 accessed on 1st of December 2009. CONCLUSION Divergent analysis from various stakeholders shows the variable effect of manufacturing and service delivery on the national income of Britain. A steady decline in manufacturing was evident and it coincided with the boom How to cite Service Industry vs Manufacturing Industry in the UK, Papers

Analysis of Human Comfort free essay sample

In a building the human comfort is affected by the built-up environment and its design, the lighting, the temperature and the sound levels. If one of these aspects is permanently higher or lower than its acceptable value, the people might not be able to work to the best of their abilities or concentrate in this room. I will analysis and explain the aspects of human comfort with the example of one separate office room where drawing/design work is done.The correct lighting is an important part to ensure human comfort. A specific lighting level must be provided keep the eyes healthy and make sure the person can stay concentrated. Too bright light can harm the eyes over time. The workers wouldnt see well and therefore have a bad orientation in the room, especially reflecting surfaces would irritate them. Constantly staring into, but also being surrounded by, too bright light can cause partial, or even permanent blindness. However, too low light neither has good effects on the workers eyes. The low light level would cause constant straining on ones eyes and make seeing more difficult. This may affect the persons vision badly. Furthermore, workers should always make sure that their computer or phone screen is not brighter than the environment around them, because this is harmful for their eyes as well. Most modern devices offer an Night-Mode, which filters the blue-lights so it can be used in darker environments with less bad effect on the eyes. Together with Adaptive-Brightness, which adjust the screens brightness to the light level in the surrounding area, people dont have to worry about affecting their vision through bad screen lighting. During the day, the day light should be used to create a natural feeling for the workers. The lights used shouldnt be some that produce perceptible heat. Too extreme temperatures may have bad effects on people. Psychological stress can be caused and could make a person more prone to some illnesses. Quick and many temperature changes can affect the ability to work properly. Good ventilation systems should be installed to constantly refresh the air in order to prevent condensation. Condensation arises when water vapour comes in contact with a colder solid surface, which happens at too high temperature. This can cause deterioration of materials or encouraged fungi growth, which increases the heat loss and rises health issue risks. To decrease humidity, the air needs to be refreshed, the temperature shouldnt be changed to much and be lowered, so the water cant vaporize anymore and plants should be removed. To let in some fresh air, the window can be opened for a short time, this will help the concentration of the workers. But of course, the temperature should not be set too low. This would cause shivering and lowers the concentration. To provide a good working experience, a not too cold and not too warm temperature level should retain.In the office it should be fairly silent. It is more comfortable, helps staying concentrated and therefore increases the productivity, and is healthy. All the walls and floors should be extremely good soundproofed, so the workers wont hear things happening in the rooms next to them, above or underneath them. Being constantly in a loud area can harm ones ears and may cause partly or permanent deaf, and can heavily stress someone. Workers should be able to focus on the sound coming from their room.What is also important for human comfort, is the overall design of the room. Of course, design is a matter of taste, but there are some general things which are required for optimal comfort and wellness. The most important here is the room size. A too small room can cause stress or in worst case even depressions, the same applies for the ceilings height. There should be at least one big and tiltable window to be able to let some fresh air in. Ideally there is also a glass wall in order to use the sunlight to brighten up the room during the day. Electrical jalousies could be installed, to let them down if the sunlight dazzles or it has become to hot in the room; they can also be tilted so the room is still exposed. The desk should be placed with the workers weak-hand-side to the glass wall so the daylight can be used when something is written/drawn on paper, otherwise the hand would shadow the sheet which would harm the eyes over time and errors occur easier in the drawings. The computer screen or laptop wouldnt be placed directly next to the glass wall, because the sunlight may warm up the computer too much. The colors of the furniture should be matt and not reflecting. However, at night one would see reflections on glass walls and windows, which could irritate, but curtains could solve the problems. Of course, then the artificial lights would be used. They should be fairly white LEDs mainly exposing the desk (but still the hole room) and not toned too warm or cold, neither have any other colors. Colored light would distract and make things like reading or seeing specific colors difficult. For the walls, bright colors should be used because they, make the room seem bigger, which provides comfort. There shouldnt be any plants in the office. Although they may look beautiful, they can cause condensation. Instead, a good fan can be placed, which can help preventing humidity. Although, a fan isnt necessarily needed when the ventilation is good. The worker ideally would sit with the back facing a wall (with still a bit space behind) and with sight to the entrance. Psychological spoken, subconsciously this makes a person feel safer in case of an attack, because there is more time to react. The same applies to general living. For example, in a bed room one should sleep with the feet nearer the entrance. For safety, smoke detectors need to be installed and in case of an emergency there must be an easy and fast way out of the hole building, lighted if there is a power breakdown.These are things that should be standard for best comfort and wellness. These things are definitely not vitally important, essential or easily affordable, but comfort has always been kind of luxury. Of course, all things count for apartments and houses as well. Although, some things obviously would differ in other rooms. For example, you wouldnt need such big windows and glass walls in a music-studio, there would be normal, good soundproofed walls, because noise in a music-studio is a more important aspect than light. But without the big glassed walls, the warmth of the sun light shining in during the day would go lost. Therefore, one probably would set the temperature in the room slightly higher.

World Religions an Example by

World Religions Since the prehistoric era, religion has been in this world. The foremost indication of this religion was through the Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (Molloy) which existed 100, 000 years ago. Every now and then, religion persists to be an exceedingly leading facet of human lives. In this contemporary period, lots of crises and challenges are experienced by humans from all feasible conditions, setting and social category. Day by day, everyone ought to endure matters of fitness, security and transience. And due to these every day concerns that religion persists to exist. As a fact, religion is being held as the general instrument for elaborating things which human beings do not comprehend using the context of the recognized material world. Need essay sample on "World Religions" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Even though there are immeasurable religions, each unique from the other, they all provide the similar function. All of them provide answers for the questions which mankind appear to be automatic to inquire: Why we exist? How shall we manage our lives? What is there after life or is there really an after life? Religion makes it possible for us to convey our values and standards from one generation to another, and affects the means we act together with the natural world (Matthews). It educates us how to distinguish ourselves in light of all the creations and gives rationale and significance to life. Among the countless religions across the world, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism are the leading religions of the world. Approximately, there are 2.1 billion adherents of the Christian faith, 1.5 billion for Islam, 900 million for Hinduism, and 376 million for Buddhism (Esposito s population is not a member of any established religious group. The eighty-four percent of the worlds population is affiliated with various religions which imply that most people from across the globe employ the teachings of the traditions set by the religious groups that they are in as their guide in living their lives. This means that the values and beliefs that they have are mainly influenced by their religions such that whatever their actions or behaviors or way of arriving at decisions could really be traced from their religions. If this is so, then religion could really govern the entire human activity. Though it seems that religions could be the over-all author of mankinds everyday dealings, religion has been the subject of debates and disputes. The diversity of religions in the world makes it too hard for everyone to just simply go with the course of life. While particular religions describe how life must be realized, others tell otherwise. And there the clash begins. From the ancient period, major conflicts were identified with and attributed to the variety of religions and the contrasting beliefs and traditions that they had. The holocaust was surely among the most identified example of religious war (Matthews). And so are the other wars that occurred in the history of the world. The most simple justification of those wars was based on the idea that the proponents of those wars were just doing what they ought to do in order to uphold their religious traditions and standards. And efforts or means to prevent them from doing such would mean suppressing their freedom to promote their religious inclinations. This was surely a mistaken assumption held by the advocates of each religion who were part of the aforementioned conflicts. But was there any way to prevent the happening of those wars without imposing restraining orders concerning their religious practices and traditions? Definitely, there were no means established then which led to hostilities and severe misunderstandings. So much for the ill-results motivated by the existence of various religions in the world, could one boldly assert that religions are nothing but institutions made to cause divergence and disagreement? Could one claim that the world is better off without religions? This is another interesting argument against religions. The abolition or the maintenance of world religions would ignite another war (Esposito & Fasching). This time it is not among religions but between those who believe that religion is still geared towards the greater good and those who suppose that the eradication of all the established religions in the world would help resolve the conflicts of the world. While the Christians believe in God and the salvation of the souls, the Muslims promote the teachings of Allah and the doctrines written in Quran, the Hindus continue to seek for that which gives peace to mind, and the Buddhists try to maintain the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, their quests and purposes are directed towards one goal that is to obtain the good life (Molloy). In this time of globalization, it is expected that everyone will be acquainted and exposed to different kinds of people as well as various settings. Being open with the different religious beliefs and standards is really one of the best way to understand not only the reason why other people live their live their way, but also to realize ones own cause in this world. Works Cited Esposito, John L. and Fasching, Darrell J. World Religions Today. Second ed. Oxford University Press, 2005. Matthews, Warren. World Religions. Fifth ed. Wadsworth Publishing, 2006. Molloy, Michael. Experiencing the Worlds Religions. Fourth ed. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2006.

Organizational Quality Improvement Plan

Organizational Quality Improvement Plan Free Online Research Papers Executive Summary Health care is an imperative service that touches the lives of millions of Americans on a daily basis at considerable and susceptible times from birth to death. In recent decades, knowledge and skills, pharmaceuticals, and proficiency have significantly enhanced how care is delivered and the projection for recovery. American markets for innovation in pharmaceuticals and medical devices are the best in the world. The miracles of recent medicine have become more or less routine. The healthcare that is provided within the United States is the best in the world. Despite these amazing achievements, the cost, quality, and convenience of American health care have become major governmental and procedure issues. Health care quality varies extensively, even after calculating for cost, source of payment, and patient preferences. A lot of Americans find themselves without health insurance coverage at some point during any given year. The expenses of providing uncompensated care are a large burden for many health care providers, other Americans, and tax payers. Hospitals across the Country are always searching for ways to improve their quality of care and promote effective quality improvement strategies. The findings of this quality improvement plan will offer guidance and steps for Memorial Healthcare System move in the right direction. To promote greater use of practices and policies that enhance quality in their facilities, this plan identifies and describes the key ingredients to the success of their organization. This plan examines the issues that are made with dispensing medication to patients. Imperfections in the health care system have impeded the competition from reaching its full potential. This plan will discuss the current procedures that are in place for dispensing medication to the patients, what can be done to improve this issue and how it can increase the patients care and satisfaction. Introduction/Purpose Memorial Healthcare System has been servicing the South Florida residents for the past 55 years. It is the fifth-largest public healthcare system in the nation and is highly regarded for its exceptional patient and family centered care (mhs.net). Their organization has been recognized as a national leader in quality care. They have several facilities located in Broward County that offers extensive and diverse services that include Memorial Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Memorial Cancer Institute and Memorial Neuroscience Center (mhs.net). The organization also provides a comprehensive array of pediatric services and is the leading children’s hospital (Joe DiMaggio Childrens Hospital) in Broward and Palm Beach Counties (mhs.net). Their mission statement provides safe, quality, cost-effective, patient and family centered care, regardless of one’s ability to pay, with the goal of improving the health of the community it serves (mhs.net). The organization’s vision is to improve the health of the community by becoming a world-class model of safety, quality, serve and efficiency (mhs.net). Goals/Objectives Memorial Healthcare System is dedicated to surpassing customer expectations by applying a Patient First philosophy to all aspects of its operations. Every decision is based on the best interest of patients and their families. Through excellence in safety, quality and service, they strive to ensure that their patients and families receive the care, information, access, collaboration and support they need (mhs.net). They are committed to treating their patients and families with compassion, dignity and respect. With this commitment they are dedicated to improving the health, well-being and, most of all, quality of life to all of their patients. The organizations values are focused on improving their patients care one step at a time and by providing extraordinary patient care. All employees who work with Memorial Healthcare System is responsible for helping provide superior patient care. They have set high standards and consistently challenge them to provide the highest levels of safety, quality and service at all times (mhs.net). Scope/Description/QI Activities To continue achieving the goal of providing high quality of care to all patients, Memorial Healthcare Systems believes that all of their employees need to be part of the quality improvement plan to reduce/eliminate the errors currently being found when dispensing medication to their patients. All of their employees will be given a Quality Improvement Program that will describe their responsibilities. The Quality Improvement Program will include a number of activities which include: Seminars on all patient services that affect patient health and safety Medication therapy and medication error prevention Patient, staff and physician surveys National Patient Safety Goals Medical Record Reviews The organization will have a Quality Improvement Committee that will oversee the implementation of this quality improvement plan. The committee will consist of the CEO, the Chief of Staff, the Director of Nursing, the QI Manager, the head Pharmacist from each facility, Infection Control nurse, Utilization Manager, a representative from the organization’s Board of Directors, one physician and one nurse from each of the following departments: Bariatric/Weight-Loss Surgery Behavioral Health Center Cancer Institute Cardiac Vascular Institute Diabetes Centers Family Birthplace Fitness Rehabilitation Centers Geriatric Care Program Home Health Services Lymphedema Program Neuroscience Center Outpatient Services Pediatrics Pediatric Cancer Pediatric Cardiac Center Pediatric Cleft Craniofacial Center Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Center Pediatric Endocrinology Pediatric Neonatal ICU Pediatric Neuroscience Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension Pediatric Orthopedics Robotic Institute Sickle Cell Sleep Study Program Spine Center Womens Services (mhs.net). The members of this Quality Improvement Committee will have many responsibilities which will consist of: Assuring that the functions of this plan are completed Prioritizing issues referred to them for review Ensuring that the data that they receive are analyzed, recommendations made, and follow up is completed Incorporating internal and external sources of benchmarking data utilizing (COMS) Clinical Outcome Measurement System, and JACHO’s National Patient Safety Goals. Identifying any other resources they see fit for the incorporation into the organizations overall quality improvement efforts. Reporting on findings, studies, recommendations, and trends to the Governing Board quarterly and annually; reporting to the QI Committee and Medical Staff monthly; and reporting all of the employees when appropriate. Identifying any educational needs and assuring that staff education for quality takes place. Appointing sub committees or teams to work on specific issues as necessary Coordinating activities for all of the employees within the Memorial Healthcare System (nhanet.org). Data Collection Tools The ability to develop, test, and implement changes is essential for any individual, group, or organization that wants to continuously improve (IHI.org). Memorial Healthcare System will use flowcharts to draw a picture of the processes they currently have for their medication dispensing and for their patient medical documentation. By using a detailed flowchart it will allow the organization to identify rework loops and complexity in a process. Using a flowchart will help them to identify and clarify any complex processes they might have, identify steps that do not add value to the internal or external customer, including: delays; needless storage and transportation; unnecessary work, duplication, and added expense; breakdowns in communication (IHI.org). It will also provide team members a shared understanding of the process and use this knowledge to collect data, identify problems, focus discussions and identify resources (IHI.org). Using the flowchart will also provide the basics needed to creating their new processes that need to be put in place. The organization will also use the cause and effect diagram to help them with displaying the possible causes as to why their current system isnt working. It will show possible problems within each step of their current process. By using this tool, Memorial Healthcare System will be able to graphically display the relationship between the causes to the effect and to each other. They will be able to see how each problem is linked to each other and identify areas that need to be improved. Another tool that will be used is the Pareto Diagram. This diagram is a type of bar chart in which the various factors that contribute to an overall effect are arranged in order according to the magnitude of their effect (IHI.org). By using this tool Memorial Healthcare System can visualize the different areas within each of their QI initiatives that will have the greatest impact on their success. It will allow the organization to focus on the different parts of each initiative that needs the most attention and the rationale for focusing on these areas. QI Processes and Methodology Customer-Inspired Quality (CIQ) is the methodology that will be used to focus on this organizations performance improvement area. It is best suited for success in the healthcare industry because it defines all patient care and administrative processes and it is hospital/service organization friendly and understandable by all stakeholders which encourages a broad cross section of staff input and involvement. Its administrative and quality measures are implemented to monitor work process changes, and, takes quality methods used in manufacturing and adapts them into the healthcare industry that can provide successful short and long-term improvements in quality, safety, and customer satisfaction (Moyer, H., New, W., Shaw, J.G., 2004). Memorial Healthcare Systems will use Electronic health records known as EHR which can reduce several types of errors, including those related to prescription drugs, to preventive care, and to tests and procedures (Carter, J.H., 2004). This software can provide automatic drug-drug/drug-food interaction checks and allergy checks, standard drug dosages and patient education information. Alerts can remind clinicians of intervals for preventive care and track referrals and test results. This software has demonstrated benefits during the process of treating patients. The staff will electronically document the medications being given to the patients by using the Barcode Technology, (mhs.net). Before delivering each medication, the medication’s bar code and patient’s identification bracelet are both scanned. Computerizing this process alerts healthcare providers to possible drug allergies and potential risks, and helps to ensure what is known in the healthcare industry as â€Å"The Five Rights of Medication Administration (mhs.net). These rights include the right patient, right drug, right dose, right route of administration and right frequency (mhs.net). The organization will also use Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE). This can reduce total medication error rates by 80% and adverse errors by 55% (Bates, D.W. MD, et al. 1998). Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) allows physicians to enter orders for treatment, tests and consultations directly into computer software that captures and transmits the information. This helps prevent medical errors that occur from verbal or handwritten orders that are inaccurate or hard to read. Successful use of CPOE leads to safer, more efficient, higher-quality care. Comparative Databases, Benchmarks, and Professional Practice Standards Memorial Healthcare will use comparative databases to integrate a process for constant evaluation with similar organizations, values and best practices. Constantly implementing leading-edge initiatives will assist the organization with providing the best care to their patients. It is extremely important that the organization continues to benchmark local hospitals and facilities within the Broward and Palm Beach Counties of Florida so that they will be able to continue being one of the nation’s best medical facilities. Authority/Structure/Organization The Governing Board of Memorial Healthcare System maintains ultimate authority and responsibility for the quality of care received by their patients and will oversee the development and implementation of this QI plan. The CEO is employed directly under the Governing Board and will be in charge of ensuring that the QI plan maintains a meaningful and effective quality improvement program. The Medical Director in conjunction with the Quality Improvement Committee will be responsible for the direction and management of all the QI activities. The Medical Director will report directly to the Governing Board on any medical issues and to the CEO for any administrative issues. The Quality Improvement Committee’s main function will be to oversee the medical and operational systems as they affect the patients and the employees. Every department within the Memorial Healthcare System will be responsible for ensuring that all quality improvement activities are taken place with every employee. All of the quality improvement initiatives must be conducted as a part of the organizations Quality Improvement Committee activities (nhanet.org). Every manager within each department will be responsible for identifying quality indicators, collecting and analyzing data, developing and implementing the changes to improve the care that is being provided to the patients when medication is dispensed. This will also include monitoring their employees to ensure that improvement is made and sustained. Communication The Quality Improvement Committee provides oversight and functions as the central clearing house for the quality data and information collected throughout the Memorial Healthcare System. This committee will track, trend, and aggregate the data received, create reports and communicate the findings to the Governing Board. The Governing Board will then communicate the findings to all of the appropriate staff members. Education The entire staff population within the Memorial Healthcare System will be responsible for attending all activities implemented for the quality improvement plan. Each employee will receive education regarding this plan during an initial orientation and on an annually basis thereafter. Any new developments or changes that might arise, each employee will receive updated documents for educational purposes. The material received will include a description of the QI plan and how their ownership fits into the plan depending on their job responsibilities. Annual Evaluation This Quality Improvement Plan will be evaluated on an annual basis for effectiveness in achieving the organizations goal of assuring that the best quality of care is being provided to all of their patients. A summary of all activities taken place, improvements that are made, the modification of care delivered, projects that are in process, and any change recommendations for this QI plan will be compiled and forwarded to the board for action to be taken. References: Bates, D.W. MD, et al. (1998). Effect of Computerized Physician Order Entry and a Team Intervention on Prevention of Serious Medication Errors. JAMA 280: 1311-1316. doi:10.001/jama.280.15.1311. Retrieved on December 20, 2009 from http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/280/15/1311 Memorial Healthcare System Services (2009). About Us. Retrieved online on December 20, 2009 from http://mhs.net/aboutus/aboutus.aspx Memorial Healthcare System Services (2009). Commitment to Patients First. Retrieved online on December 20, 2009 from mhs.net/aboutus/patientfirst.aspx Memorial Healthcare System Services (2009). Our Mission, Our Vision. Retrieved online on December 20, 2009 from mhs.net/aboutus/MissionandVision.aspx Model Quality Improvement Plan (2009). Retrieved online on December 20, 2009 from nhanet.org/pdf/quality/model.qi.pdf Moyers, H., New,W., Shaw, J.G (2004). Choosing a Quality/Performance Improvement Methodology. Shaw Resources. Retrieved on December 7, 2009 from https://www.shawresources.com The Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2009). Tools. Retrieved online on December 20, 2009 from ihi.org/IHI/Topics/Improvement/ImprovementMethods/Tools Strategic Technologies Inc. (2004). Improvement Approaches Comparison Table. Retrieved on December 20, 2009 from https://www.strategictechnologiesinc.com Research Papers on Organizational Quality Improvement PlanArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Marketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWThe Fifth HorsemanThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanOpen Architechture a white paper

Apush Brinkley

The failure to ratify the Treaty of Versailles was mainly due to the lack of ability to compromise between Lodge and Wilson. . The idea of maintaining the stance that America would stay UN-involved n foreign affairs. 2. Treaties to replace the Treaty of Versailles and the League of d. The Washington Conference was an attempt to prevent a costly naval Nations armaments race between America, Britain, and Japan. Hughes proposed a plan for dramatic reductions in the fleets of all three nations and a ten years moratorium on the construction of large warships. This was mostly an attempt to create a kind of safety net for the U. S to keep from getting into war again. E. The Kellogg-Brand Pact was a diplomatic treaty outlawing war as an instrument of foreign policy- protect the peace f. These are connected to the retreat to isolationism because we were trying to create systems to keep us out of any foreign problems. 3. International Debt and Diplomacy g. Calvin Coolidge was opposed to offering aid to those in debt, the general attitude of our gob. Was they hired the money, didnt they? suggesting that they could pay it back. . One major problem of debt was the circular pattern the money was making: we gave Germany a loan, the lent it to France/England, France gave it back to us- resulting in no solution. The debt these nations acquired caused an imbalance of trade. I. Charles G. Dates, an American banker, negotiated an agreement between France, Britain, Germany, and America by stating (how plan worked) that American banks would provide huge loans to Germany (allowing them to meet their reparations. In return, Britain and France would agree to reduce the amount of those payments. However, Dates plan did little to solve the problem it addressed- (what it did) creating a growing economic presence in Germany, along with a growing circular pattern of international finance. It was an attempt to stabilize J. High tariffs caused additional problems, the Forefend-Encumber Act Germany. As designed to protect American product by raising the tariff rate to 38%. This gave the president the power to raise the percentage on any product he felt necessary. This was passed in the beginning to protect the farmers, who were taking a post WI decline, this tariff hoped to use the surplus on a domestic level and eventually leak into international trade- this effected the European nations trying to pay back debts because they were unable to export goods and make a profit. 4. Failure of New Era Diplomacy, Hoover and the World Crisis k. Hovers attempts to help included placing a moratorium on war debt loans- meaning European nations did not have to make payments for six months. During this time Hoover hoped to stabilize the currency and stop the circular cycle. This idea caused Hoover to be given very little support in America- resulting the idea to die before he really had the chance to work with it. Disarmament- Hoover was trying to extend the ideas of the Washington Conference and the Kellogg-Brand Pact. L. Rise of Dictatorships: In the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin became dictator in 1929 and Bonito Mussolini came to the front of Italy in 1925, Doll Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, and later on dictator, and Hide Tool led Japan. Germany stopped reparation payments and occupied czar valley, Soviet Union was persuading expansion against borders, Japan was invading China and extending its power into China, Mussolini invades Africa. Anything we wanted to do in terms of peace and disarmament was in shambles. M. U. S. Foreign Policy crumbles: there was the choice to be interventionists: and try to influence things before they happened (economic, military, political) or move into Nationalism that we relied on our own devices for dealing with problems at hand. . Isolation, Isolationism and Nationalism n. World Economic Conference- London, 1933. Roosevelt went off the gold standard and said they were going to make payments, limit loans to end cycle, and the negotiations in 1933 fell apart because other nations were not willing to move away from backings of gold and silver. Roosevelt in 1934 foreboded American banks to make loans to foreign countries- hoping to end that circular systems- which it did. These were isola tionist ideas because we were going on our own standard. Roosevelt helped international trade by pushing through the reciprocal trade agreement act- empowered Roosevelt to lower tariff rates as much as 50% to get some currency flowing internationally and positively. Roosevelt also broke with past policies by recognizing the Soviet Union- hoping to establish strong trade, not very successful but an attempt to expand trade. However Roosevelt was too late and economic crisis deepened. America began turning to isolationism. O. They also forayed trading on the basis of loans. The concept of cash and carry came out of these acts- if companies were going to trade with belligerence in war, the only way that was okay was if it was paid for in cash. Q. Failure of appeasement, Munich: This marks the end of creating an international policy. Hitler went through a series of marches with no opposition. Appeasement is the idea of giving someone what they wants to get them to shut up, even though it isnt good for them. The Munich Conference Hitler lies and promises that the expansion was over. Hitters book, Mien Kampala explained he was going to continue expanding. R. Isolation as a tort to appeasement: Our tailored to become part to the international community in 1920 created problems throughout the world because there was no enforcement. The U. S. Didnt get involved because we were involved one time and were rejected (14 points) 6. From Neutrality to Intervention s. Western Europe Falls, Great Britain alone:

Online Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online Education - Essay Example The use of pen and pencil can be dated back to the Roman Empire. However with the developing pace the traditional means of attaining education are changing. The introduction of information technology has brought forward a new way of learning through the internet. E-learning is the new form of education introduced by IT which helps people to attain knowledge through the use of their computers. A portal is introduced by the use of information technology which the students are able to access and give their tests. However this new technology also brings with it other ethical issues of plagiarism and social contact. Online education is an inadequate alternative for traditional, classroom-based teaching for several reasons: there is no interactive communication between the student and the instructor, potential employer do not value online course work, class offering are limited, instructor feedback to the student might be delayed for days, and group projects are nonexistent. Discussion Wit h the advent of modern technology, a forceful impact of this technology has been observed in nearly all walks of modern day life. With the increasing access to these facilities, the lives of modern day human beings have changed so dramatically that in many cases a reversal towards the old ways of life seems apparently impossible. Similar is the case with the process of our education. The concept of e-learning has modified our learning modes and behaviors to a much greater extent. It has been seen that the use of pen and pencils has been prevalent in our society since the early days but this concept is gradually being changed with the introduction of e-learning. E-Learning is a type of education which helps the students to learn with the help of internet and computer. Individuals can access internet and enrol into courses through which they can gain knowledge. The ease of access to educational resources has improved the overall learning environment, while at the same time, there are a number of ethical, social and professional issues that have emerged in parallel with the emerging e-learning facilities as we shall discuss in the following lines (Alan 2007; Rosenberg 2001). The e-learning approach draws the burden on both students and teachers to create a learning environment where diversified student population feel comfortable and relaxed. The language, cultural and social differences should not pose as a hurdle in the learning process of the diversified students’ list. Since e-learning environment provides a virtual classroom environment, it becomes difficult to judge the confidence level, practical working abilities and enhancing practical knowledge of the students. It, thus, becomes an important factor to be analyzed while opting for this kind of education. E-learning affects the learning pace of students as it provides virtual classroom environment which is less effective for a number of educational areas. The areas that require face-to-face interac tion and on-campus practical demonstrations involve nursing, psychology etc. Hence such professional issues involving those related to the reliability of the infrastructure of the e-learning environment, access to the e-learning tools and the learning curve which is essential to be achieved by proper coordination between teachers and students must be considered while choosing e-learning software or education system (Billings, 2002 p 5). The importance and effectiveness of social interactions, virtual conduct and social support using e-learning courses have been discussed by a number of researchers in great depth (Gunawardena, 1995). Of these researches, mostly were determined to check the credibility of social learning theory on web based learning environm

Andrew Young Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Andrew Young - Research Paper Example At a very young age he realized the difference in treatment of blacks and whites and always wanted to bring a change to the society. At a very early age he learned principles which later became a central part of his contributions towards the Civil rights movement. He realized that fighting was not only the way one can settle a dispute and disputes could be settled through talks (Young 24). After attaining his bachelor’s level degree, he was not sure what he wanted to do and believed that he had a higher purpose to serve. During the summers of 1947, he started working as a volunteer at United Christian Youth Movement (Young 98). When he was operating as a volunteer, he realized that being of service was the best job anyone can have. He started believing that helping people regardless of their age and race was important and thus he finally came up with the decision of attaining the position of a minister. 5 years after working as a volunteer he learned regarding different religi ous leaders through a seminar and was really impressed by the teachings of Mohandas Gandhi (DeRoche 6). The teachings of Gandhi impressed him and he was able to relate with his teachings, especially with Gandhi’s teachings of nonviolent ways of solving disputes. During the same year, he was assigned with task of preaching to the community of Marion and while preaching he made his future life partner who shared Andrew’s ideology as well as objectives. 3 years later Andrew obtained a divinity degree and at that time he even realized that he had the ability to change the conflict taking place in the nation. Andrew started his contributions towards the Civil Rights Movement when he started being a religious preacher in Georgia. While preaching religion, he realized that he should make more efforts for the betterment of the society and thus started advocating the issue of equal voting rights. His

The Amazing Truths about Fireworks Essay Example for Free

The Amazing Truths about Fireworks Essay Have you ever imagined celebrating holidays such as Fourth of July and Independence Day without beautiful, dynamic colors of fireworks to watch in the sky? Does the enjoyment you feel and the essence of the holidays would be lessen if you loss the delight of watching beautifully designed sparks in the heavens? Many of you may say that fireworks is something you do not want to miss watching on during big events but some may also say that there is nothing that they will miss if fireworks is not present in some occasions. It is true to say that here in Illinois fireworks is a big part of celebrations, more particularly Independence Day because there is nothing symbolizes the nation’s Independence Day like fireworks. But nowadays, some fireworks are prohibited in Illinois and the only allowed fireworks are the fireworks that were classified as Class C or what is called â€Å"Consumer† fireworks. Examples of Class C fireworks are cone fountains, cylindrical fountains, roman candles, sky rockets, firecrackers, mines and shells, helicopter-type rockets, certain sparklers and revolving wheels. Every state in the US has regulating laws regarding the sale and use fireworks. Some states are totally prohibiting all the private use of fireworks. On the other hand, in Illinois, in order for you to buy and light up fireworks, you have to first secure the permit just like if you have car, you must have a driver’s license. Many citizens reacted on this. They have different reactions. Some are asking why they need to get a permit just to light a sky rocket, for example. The reason for these laws is for the security of the people’s health. But statistics show that one may be killed 94. 11% in ice skating than to be injured using fireworks. Injuries that happen by using fireworks can be avoided if we follow simple safety precautions according to the people who want fireworks to be legalized. But what they miss out is that fireworks is not just about accidents it may bring but also it can cause health problems such as chronic bronchitis, common cold, allergic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, sinusitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD), emphysema, rhinitis, pneumonia and laryngitis. Now, that we are informed that fireworks can bring sickness to us, I assume that every one of you knows why Illinois and other states prohibit the use and sell of fireworks. Citizens of Illinois are lucky enough, compared to those in Iowa because the only permitted fireworks there are fire or wood stick sparklers, to enjoy using â€Å"consumer† fireworks by securing the permit first because people would not probably want to take risk of getting caught by the fire chiefs. So, lets us not just think about the amazing sight fireworks can bring but also we should take into consideration that fireworks are harmful to our health. Thus, obeying laws imposed upon to the state by our government should be practice because government cares for us citizens. Works Cited Aldritt, Corey. Get your fireworks — legally. Iowa State Daily. com 28 June 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2008 from http://media. www. iowastatedaily. com/media/storage/paper818/news/2007/06/28/4thOfJuly/Get-Your. Fireworks. 8212. Legally-2919108. shtml Fireworks Laws and Safety Tips. FindLaw. Retrieved 24 July 2008 from http://commonlaw. findlaw. com/2008/07/fireworks-laws. html Harmful Effects of Crackers Fireworks ¬ 3 October 2007. Eonecon Foundation. Retrieved 24 July 2008 from http://www. eonecon. org/blog/2007/harmful-effects-of-crackers-fireworks/ Hessedal, Kelly. Fireworks laws change in Illinois. NEWS QWAD. com Retrieved 24 July 2008 from http://www. wqad. com/Global/story. asp? S=5052267

Portrait :: essays research papers

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus is born of a woman, created of the earth; pure in his childhood innocence. From this beginning stems the birth of an artist, and from this the novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce recounts Stephen's story. His journey is followed from childhood to maturity, and thus his transformation from secular to saintly to an awakening of what he truly is. The novel evolves from simple, childlike diction, to sophisticated, higher ideas and thoughts as Dedalus completes his transition into an artist. In the beginning, Dedalus sees the world in an almost sing-song nursery rhyme sense, with a "moocow" coming down the road. By the end of the novel, Dedalus is mature and worldly; a man who stands tall and who feels confident with "Old father, old artificer, stand me now and ever in good stead." (238). Through the use of the symbols of woman and earth, and white and purification, Joyce gives his novel depth and wonder. These symbols follow an array of transformations, changing throughout the novel much like Stephen himself. The figure woman goes from the mother figure, to that of the whore, and finally to the representation of freedom itself. As a child, the image of the mother figure is strong. It is nurturing and supportive, that of "a woman standing at the half-door of a cottage with a child in her arms . . ." (10) who shelters and protects and makes Stephen afraid to "think of how it was" to be without a mother. As Stephen grows, however, like any child his dependency of him mother begins to dwindle, as does his awe for her. He begins to question his relationship with her and she is suddenly seen as a dirty figure, beginning the transformation of Stephen's image of women; from that of mother to whore. He first begins to questions the purity of his mother, his creator, his earth, when confronted by class mates, who taunt and confuse the innocent act of kissing his mother. He suddenly wonders, "Was it right to kiss his mother or wrong to kiss his mother? What did that mean, to kiss? You put your face up like that to say good night and then his mother put her face down. That was to kiss." (24) However, later in the novel the image of the pure and novel mother appears once more, but not in the figure of Stephen's own mother.

Convict food Essay

For this piece of essay, I am going to write a comparative analysis of chapters one and thirty nine for the Characters Pip and the Convict of Great Expectations.  Great Expectation was written in 1860 by a really famous author named Charles Dickens. Not only being famous for writing great expectations Charles was also famous for such books called Oliver twist, A Christmas Carol, Hard Times and David Copperfield. Oliver Twist is still read by children in the 21st century. But sadly ending Charles Dickens life he died in a terrible rail crash. However Charles Dickens is still one of the most famous authors in English history. England was a really different place in the 19th century. At this time there was no free education for poor children they had to work hard at a young age to keep food on their table. Most children worked as coal miners which wasn’t suitable for their age. Where as the rich people in those times were spoilt they had school and were treated as little kings by their parents. If people were really rich they would have had education at home, they had private teachers and the boys were taught to be gentlemen. The girls were taught how to sing play the piano and sew. In the 19th century if a person committed a crime they had to face time in prison and then suffer a terrible death by being hanged or getting executed. But in a new scheme in the 19th century people were also sent to serve time in the new world in the 21st century it is known as Australia.  Great Expectations start with a young orphan boy named Pip, who lives with his sister and brother in law. Pip was in the graveyard once visiting his dead parents and siblings. Surprised by a Convict who needed help, Pip was threatened to give the Convict food, drink and a file. A day later Pip stole a pork pie, drink and a file. He gave it to the Convict. He needed the file to escape from the English soldiers who were after him. Later on, the Convict gets caught by the soldiers. He helps Pip by saying to the blacksmith (Pips brother in law) and soldiers that he stole a pork pie and file from the blacksmith. The Convict helped Pip because Pip had given him food and a file.  A year later Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s house, to play with her daughter Estella.  Pip Grows up. Starts to work as a blacksmith with Joe his brother in law. Pip doesn’t like it. One day a man named Jaggers visited Pip. He tells Pip that some one is giving him money to become a gentleman in London (this happen often in the 19th century, that someone was called a benefactor). Pip goes to London. He visits Jaggers who works as a London lawyer. Jagger’s is not allowed to tell Pip who his benefactor is. Now that Pip is a gentleman he is a bit of a snob. A stranger once visited him. That stranger was the Convict who Pip helped at the start of the story. The Convict tells Pip that he is the benefactor. The Convict gets in Danger. He is in danger because another Convict is after him and wants to kill him. He dies. Pip later on falls in love with Estella.  In chapter one Pip is cold. A quote that proves this is ‘small bundle of shivers’. When they talk about small bundle it means Pip is gathered up together and is quite scruffy. Pip is scruffy because he is poor and hasn’t got a mother to provide him with clothes as his sister is a bit of a witch. ‘Small bundle of shivers’ is a metaphor and shivering means Pip is cold. Pip is scared of the Convict. ‘O! Don’t cut my throat, sir’ favours this. Pip is scared because he is being threatened by the Convict and he has always been on his own, also he hasn’t got a shoulder to lean on. Pip is vulnerable. ‘I pleaded in terror’. Pip is always vulnerable because he is an easy target and he has always been picked on as he hasn’t got power over anyone he is very more like a wimp. Pip is respectful to his elders. To prove this it says ‘please, let me keep upright sir’. This shows Pip is respectful because he is using the word ‘Sir’. Pip is fragile. ‘Small bundle of shivers’ is in favour of this. This proves he is fragile because he felt insecure. As you can see that small bundle of shivers is used as a quote by me twice this is the reason that it is a very strong quote because it shows a lot about Pip’s character. Charles Dickens is trying to inform us that Pip is a poor, ragged orphan boy, who dresses scruffy, some one who is defenceless and is easily picked on.  In chapter thirty nine Pip is a different Character. Pip is a young wealthy gentleman. ‘I read my watch on the table’ this proves my point. This proves Pip is a gentleman because now he is able to afford a watch in addition he can read to. Pip doesn’t recognise this stranger. To support this it says ‘a face that was strange to me’. This is evident as it is showing Pip doesn’t recognise this stranger anymore because it is a face he has forgotten. Pip is a bit of a snob. ‘Recoiled a little from him’ supports my point. He is acting like a bit of a snob because he is backing away from the Convict who is being affectionate towards Pip. Pip isn’t too comfortable with the Convict after he finds out who he is, he pushes him away. To prove my point it says ‘I laid a hand upon his breast and put him away’. He is pushing him away, since he isn’t feeling comfortable with the Convict, he is being very judgemental because of the way the convict is dressed. The convicts dressed very ragged and scruffy which doesn’t show a good impression towards Pip. Pip is nervous. To favour this quote it says ‘I tried to keep my hand steady while I did so’. This is evident to my point as it shows Pip’s hands are shaking.

Fountain of the Four Rivers

Fountain of the Four Rivers The Fountain of the Four Rivers is a monumental example of Italian Baroque style and eloquence. This sculpture is one of many that transformed Rome into the city we know today. There are many fountains that can be found throughout Italy. The Fountain of the Four Rivers is a breathtaking sculptural fountain in Piazza Navona, Italy. It is made of travertine and marble. This sculpture was designed and constructed from 1648-1651. On June 12, 1651 this magnificent masterpiece was unveiled to the world.The famous Italian sculpture and architect, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, is the brilliant artist responsible for this masterpiece. He won the honor of designing this fountain by subterfuge; an advocate of Bernini had placed a model of the fountain in an area where the pope would hopefully see it and choose him to design the structure. This spectacular piece was built for the Pope Innocent X Pamphili. Its water source comes from the Acqua Vergine; this is one of the main water supplies in Rome. The pope ordered this water supply to be redirected to the front of his palace in the Palazzo Pamphili where the fountain stands.The town square that houses the Fountain of the Four Rivers not only is the location for Pamphili’s family palace, it is also the location of the ancient stadium of the Emperor Domitain. This was one of the first fountains constructed in Rome that was designed by Bernini, which would be followed by many more. The Fountain of the Four Rivers is a complex design. This sculpture depicts Gods of the four great rivers that are found in the four continents that were recognized by renaissance geographers during that time period.These rivers include the Nile, in Africa, the Ganges in Asia, the Rio de la Plata in the Americas and the Danube in Europe. Also, each countries area on the fountain is enhanced with details of its native animals and plants. Bernini’s magnificent fountain efficiently integrates an Egyptian obelisk that stands in the center of this piazza. This is one of Bernini’s most well-known and breathtaking works of art. Pamphili is quoted stating, â€Å"The only way to avoid employing Bernini was not to see his designs. † Bernini’s art to this day remains admired works of beauty and creativity weaved throughout Rome’s ancient streets.Bernini and his brilliant creations brought Rome to be known as â€Å"the city of fountains†. Bernini was a magnificent architect and sculptor of Baroque style. He was born in Naples in 1598; He had a very long and successful career until his death in 1680. In Rome, he worked for the city’s most authoritative families and the popes. Some of his Royal patrons included the Pope Innocent X Pamphili, King Charles I and Louis XIV. Bernini was Caravaggio’s (Michelangelo Merisi) contemporary. Bernini brought Caravaggio’s style of painting to his sculptures. He created many exceptional baroque styled sculptures, f ountains, and dynamic monuments.All of which are prized by patrons centuries after their creations. People travel across the world just to admire his historical masterworks. Bernini’s style truly depicts the eloquence of creativity and ingeniousness of the Italian Baroque styled sculptures in seventeenth-century Rome. Different types of Baroque styles are found throughout Europe, they all began from ideas from the Italian’s version of this style. The Fountain of the Four Rivers portrays the main four rivers of the world known at that time. This structure integrates the artistic styles of the era, the religious aspects and the geological significance of its time.This particular water feature is one of many fountains that transformed Rome to being known as â€Å"the city of fountains†. One of the main water sources of Rome was redirected to give the sculpture life. This fountain is one of many works of art that demonstrates the imaginary art and thinking of people s around the seventieth century. This ancient sculpture is also one of many that transformed Rome into the city we know today. Bernini’s designs are integrated though out surrounding areas and had influence on other artists through history. Works CitedNational Gallery of Art, Washington,DC; http://www. nga. gov/exhibitions/2000/baroque/2013 February 2, 2013 Alexandra Korey, Bernini’s â€Å"Fountain of the Four Rivers† restored (Quattro Fiumi), March 2009 February 5, 2013 Zuzana Pastirikova. Heidi Schwartz http://www. rome. info/bernini/fountain-four-rivers/ 2003-2009 Rome info; February 6, 2013 Hugh Honour, John Fleming; A World History of Art, Laurence King Publishing, 2005 February 7, 2013 Ann Sutherland Harris; 17th century art and architecture, Laurence King Publishing, 2005 February 9, 2013

Laugh in Spanish With the Verbs Reír and Reírse

Laugh in Spanish With the Verbs Reà ­r and Reà ­rse Is there a difference in meaning between reà ­r and reà ­rse? Dictionaries give the same definition for both. The two verbs, which mean to laugh, mean basically the same thing. Although you will find some regional variations, reà ­rse is the more common of the two. Thus, while reà ­ would be understood to mean I laughed, it would be more common to say me reà ­. Reà ­r by itself can sometimes sound poetic or old-fashioned. When Reà ­r or Reà ­rse Is Required There are at least two cases where one form is required: More commonly, when followed by de, the reflexive form reà ­rse usually means to make fun of or to laugh at: Me reà ­a de mi hermano, pero ahora somos amigos. (I used to make fun of my brother, but now were friends.)14. 3/19. Expanded, fixed error, added takeawaysSe reirn de su falta de sofisticacià ³n computarizada. (They will laugh at your lack of computer sophistication.)Me quiero reà ­r de mà ­ mismo. (I want to laugh at myself.) If you are talking about  what makes a person laugh, the reflexive form isnt used. Hacer is typically used as the verb for to make: Me hace reà ­r cuando estoy triste. (She makes me laugh when Im sad.)Austin Powers no me hizo reà ­r ms de una vez. (Austin powers didnt make me laugh more than once.)Ayer me hiciste daà ±o y hoy me vas a hacer reà ­r. (Yesterday you hurt me and today youre going to make me laugh.) Theres no logical reason why reà ­rse de is used to mean to laugh at rather than reà ­rse a or even reà ­rse en. Thats just the way it is. This is one of those cases where you should learn the preposition along with the verb. Conjugation of Reà ­r and Reà ­rse Reà ­r is one of the very few -ir verbs with an accent on the final syllable. It is conjugated irregularly, but only in terms of writing, not pronunciation. An written accent is needed in many forms to prevent the e of the stem and and à ­ of the ending from forming a diphthong. And example of the written irregularity can be seen in the indicative present forms with the irregular forms shown in boldface): yo rà ­o, tà º rà ­es, usted/à ©l/ella rà ­e, nosotros/as reà ­mos, vosotros/as reà ­s, ustedes/ellos/ellas rà ­en. Words Related to Reà ­r Among the Spanish words related to or derived from reà ­r: la risa - laugh (noun), laughterrisible - laughablerisià ³n - mockery, ridicule (noun)la risita - chuckle (noun)el riso - chuckle (noun; word used in limited areas)la risotada - guffawsonreà ­r - to smilesonriente - smiling (adjective)la sonrisa - smile (noun) Among the few English words etymologically related to reà ­r are derision and risible. All these words come from the Latin  ridÄ“re, which meant to laugh. Phrases Using Reà ­r or Reà ­rse Here are four common expressions that use these verbs, most often reà ­rse. Translations other than those given here can be used: reà ­rse a carcajadas - to laugh ones head off, to laugh ones tail off, to roar with laughter, etc. (A carcajada is a loud laugh or a guffaw.) - Nos reà ­amos a carcajadas de las cosas que decà ­a el cà ³mico. (We roared with laughter at the things the comic said.) A more colloquial way of saying the same thing is reà ­r a mandà ­bula batiente, literally to laugh with a flapping jaw.reà ­rse entre dientes - to chuckle (literally, to laugh between the teeth) - La tenista rià ³ entre dientes y sacudià ³ la cabeza. (The tennis player chuckled and shook her head.)reà ­rse hasta el llanto - to laugh until crying - Muchos dà ­as nos reà ­amos hasta el llanto. (Many days we would laugh to the point of crying.)reà ­rse para adentro - to laugh on the inside - Me rà ­o para adentro cuando recuerdo lo que escribià ³. (I laugh on the inside when I remember what she wrote.) Key Takeaways Both reà ­r and its reflexive form, reà ­rse, mean to laugh, and they are often interchangeable with little to no change in meaning.The reflexive form reà ­rse is used in the phrase reà ­rse de, meaning to laugh at, while the simple form reà ­r is used in the phrase hacer reà ­r, meaning to cause to laugh.Reà ­r and reà ­rse are conjugated regularly in terms of pronunciation, but a written accent is often needed to maintain that pronunciation.

Why was the Nile River Important for the Rise of Successful States in Essay

Why was the Nile River Important for the Rise of Successful States in North Africa - Essay Example Scholars from the modern world have to piece together what they can find in order to make educated guesses about what happened before history books started to be written. One factor seems to be significant in several quarters of the world in early human history and that is the existence of particular regions that ideally meet the needs of human society. River deltas have been established as the earliest recorded locations of major civilizations in ancient times, such as the Persians, the Greco-Roman civilization, the Indians, the ancient Egyptians and the Chinese (Sherman, 2003). Archaeologists believe that human beings first shifted from a nomadic, hunter gatherer lifestyle, to a more settled, agriculture based lifestyle in regions that were fed by great river systems. The nutrients from fresh water rivers were gathered over millennia and over time they created fertile plains which were ideal for growing crops. As early humans learned to plant and harvest crops, rather than just gat her fruits and seeds that grew in the wild, they soon developed technologies like irrigation and long term storage facilities. The Nile provided a constant the supply of water so that the planted fields were irrigated, and food became plentiful. Cities grew up to store this food, and with increasing food surpluses humans gained the ability to have specialized professions. People were no longer living from hand to mouth, having to hunt or gather the next meal every day, because stored grain provided a certain security. New skills and trades developed in these cities, and the region around the Nile is one of these great early centers of human development. Much of the land in central and northern Africa is marginally habitable, with many areas of mountain and desert. The long river bank of the Nile provides the possibility of regular water supply and the development of trade between towns from the interior right to the edge of the Mediterranean. Land travel was difficult and slow in an cient times, and so the navigable waters of the Nile were like an ancient highway, allowing goods, people and ideas to be transported back and forth. The great Egyptian civilisation was highly dependent on the Nile as a channel of communication as well as a source of water for all human needs. Two great commodities were also available in the Nile region: vast quantities of clay, and also the reeds that could be soaked, fermented, and made into papyrus. So it was that the Nile provided the basics for writing, first using clay tablets that had marks pushed into them with a sharp, wedge-shaped implement, giving mankind the early cuneiform writing format. The tablets could be baked in the sun, making them a more permanent record. The disadvantage of clay is that it is heavy and it breaks easily. The invention of papyrus for writing on was an important technology that facilitated the transfer of ideas through scrolls that were passed along ancient trade routes. In the two millennia befor e the common era, the people living along the river Nile, and around its delta, were much more advanced than all of Northern Europe, thanks to the way that they learned to make use of the natural commodities that were available in this particular geographical context. It would be impossible to imagine the glorious ancient Egyptian civilization without the impact of the river Nile. The great monuments that exist even today such as the pyramids and the ancient town ruins would not have been possible without the availability of the slave workers, a great many of whom who came from central Africa and were transported in barges down the Nile towards the coastal region. Many of the stone quarries that provided the raw materials for building were also located upstream. It

Colon Cancer in Tissue Engineering Literature review

Colon Cancer in Tissue Engineering - Literature review Example The reason being that reconstructive surgery does not replace the biological functioning of an organ or tissue 4. Medical researchers have had to be innovative. Their innovation has led to tissue engineering (TE), which is the initiation of the regeneration of organs and tissues by taking advantage of the individual’s self-healing capability 5. Normally, tissue engineering purposes to control cells to trigger the regrowth of the respective tissue 6. A process that is termed as therapeutic because it replaces the biological role of the damaged or malfunctioning tissues or organs 7. What does TE involve? TE comprises of the artificial stimulation of the capacity of cell differentiation, synthesis, and increase 8. It utilizes two tactics. The transplantation of cells 9 and the use of biomaterials and biomedical machinery 10. In the utilization of biomaterials and associated technologies, there needs to be the creation of in vivo like conditions. What is the purpose of these in vivo like conditions? The in vivo like environment is developed to ensure that the cells are able to boost their differentiation and proliferation to a sufficient standard that allows the biological capability of tissue regrowth 11. Hence, a cell-manipulated natural healing of the particular organ and tissue is attained without the need of transplanting cells. In addition, transplantation of cells is undertaken by transferring cells that have a huge capability for the differentiation and growth of cells to activate the regeneration of tissue in accordance with its potential 12. In this technique, the transfer is done using the infusion tactic 13 or the bolus injection method 14. However, in the use of biomedical and biomaterial technologies, bio signaling and cell scaffolds techniques have been used to deliver the necessary biomaterials that avail the required conditions for tissue regrowth.